What does the term "fusion" refer to in Bowen's family systems theory?

In Bowen's family systems theory, "fusion" refers to a state where there is a blurring of psychological boundaries between the self and others within a family system. This situation occurs when individuals become overly enmeshed with one another, leading to a loss of autonomy in their thoughts and feelings. In such cases, the distinct identities of family members are not clearly defined, and emotional reactions may be driven more by the collective feelings of the group rather than by individual perspectives or needs.

This concept is crucial to understanding family dynamics, as fusion can result in a lack of healthy differentiation, where individuals struggle to maintain their own identities while remaining in close relationships. Recognizing fusion is essential for therapists who aim to help family members develop clearer boundaries and promote healthier interactions that allow for both connection and personal autonomy. Thus, the correct answer underscores the core principle in Bowen's theory regarding the importance of differentiation and the potential challenges posed by emotional closeness.