How does "second-order change" differ from "first-order change" in therapy?

"Second-order change" is characterized by its aim to fundamentally alter the underlying structure and processes within a family or relational system. This transformative approach goes beyond mere adjustments in behavior, which is what first-order change typically emphasizes. First-order change often involves changes that are superficial or surface-level, such as teaching new strategies or techniques, without addressing the root dynamics at play.

By seeking to modify the fundamental patterns and relationships that govern interactions within the family, second-order change leads to a deeper, more sustainable transformation. This may involve shifts in roles, communication styles, or the emotional underpinnings of family dynamics, ultimately facilitating a new way of relating.

In contrast to options that suggest superficial changes or individual-focused therapy, second-order change is about reconfiguring the family system itself, making option B the most appropriate choice. This distinction is critical for therapists aiming to create lasting change in a family's interactions and relationships.